Popular cross-platform 3D graphics and compute API Vulkan is gaining support for the Apple ecosystem, which means Mac and iOS developers will be able to build and run Vulkan apps on Apple devices.

Valve, LunarG, and The Brenwill Workshop, members of The Khronos Group consortium that developed Vulkan, have worked together with the Khronos Group Portability Initiative to allow Vulkan apps to be ported to Apple platforms.

vulkanappsmac
The aim of Khronos Group’s Vulkan Portability Initiative is a universal subset of Vulkan 1.0 that is designed to run at native performance levels over Metal and DirectX 12 drivers. Metal and DirectX 12 are able to support almost all of Vulkan, with the exception of elements like triangle fans, separate stencil reference masks, Vulkan Event functionality, and a few other features.

Valve used Vulkan tools on macOS with Dota 2 and was able to achieve "significantly higher performance" than native OpenGL drivers.

vulkandota2
An open source collection of tools, SDKs, and runtime libraries that enable Vulkan development and deployment on macOS and iOS is now available on the Portability Landing Page on the Khronos Group website. With Vulkan support for Mac and iOS devices, developers will be able to support multiple platforms while cutting down on porting and development costs.

"Running Vulkan applications on Apple platforms has been the number one request from developers and today’s release of the MoltenVK runtime and LunarG macOS SDK brings that capability to life,” said Neil Trevett, VP NVIDIA and Khronos Group President. “Developers are invited to download the open source Vulkan Portability tools today and provide feedback via Vulkan Ecosystem GitHub Issue. The Vulkan Portability Initiative will continue to strengthen the infrastructure and tooling around bringing Vulkan capabilities to multiple Metal and DX12 platforms - our long-term goal is to enable portable Vulkan code to be executed on any platform that developers care about."

Starting today, a MoltenVK library from The Brenwill Workshop that translates Vulkan calls into Metal calls on macOS and iOS is being open sourced.

The open source LunarG Vulkan SDK for macOS is also available today on LunarXchange, enabling developers to build, run, and debug Vulkan applications on Mac. Going forward, LunarG plans to continue to evolve its Mac SDK to add additional tools and features.

More information on Vulkan support for Apple devices can be found on The Khronos Group website.

Top Rated Comments

marksatt Avatar
93 months ago
I don’t believe that MoltenVK will be immediately useful to most serious Mac games developers. Aspyr, Feral, Unity and here at Epic we already have direct, native Metal backends that are (or at least should be) faster and support a greater range of features than another intermediate translation library.

Specifically MoltenVK has a list of limitations that make it sufficient for porting mobile Vulkan games and games with a primarily D3D9-era rendering engine, but probably inadequate for most modern D3D11+ game engines.

Principally anything that requires geometry shaders or tessellation shaders is currently not going to work as MoltenVK doesn’t support them. They are *optional* features in Vulkan so it can still call itself conformant by contrast for D3D these are *required* features in D3D11 onward so games do use them, sometimes extensively. Moreover the approach MoltenVK takes to recompiling shaders makes it infeasible to impossible for them to be supported without significant work and performance penalties. Metal doesn’t have direct equivalents so the MoltenVK library would need to defer SPIRV to Metal translation until said shaders are used together in a Shader Pipeline at runtime. Only then could it recompile them to Metal and emulate all the necessary behaviour but this would result in a big performance hit on the CPU. It would also be harder to adopt the native features offered by Mac Metal to deal with these cases and hurt GPU performance.

The other gotcha will be emulating type conversion of data between the resources and the shader. Metal doesn’t have a performant way to do that in all cases right now, so you need to use multiple different techniques to achieve the result while minimising the performance penalty. MoltenVK appears to support only a trivial subset of D3D’s implicit resource type casts which wouldn’t be enough for UE4.

I wish them well in their efforts but this is not going to magically result in better performance in games shipped by Feral, or Epic, etc. It might well end up making it easier for smalller studios with their own engines, esp. mobile focused developers, and that is no bad thing.
Score: 10 Votes (Like | Disagree)
Janichsan Avatar
93 months ago
Does seem like Metal was a step in the right direction, but could be overshadowed by a better standard?
Better? Maybe not, but cross-platform instead of proprietary.
Score: 8 Votes (Like | Disagree)
marksatt Avatar
93 months ago
Why? What would be the issue there? Lacking hardware support on iOS devices?
Mobile GPUs are architecturally *very* different from desktop GPUs so don't have the same features. Metal's API design was predominantly driven by the needs & capabilities of iOS GPUs, hence why geometry shaders are absent and why the tessellation pipeline is completely different to D3D.

Obviously the macOS hardware could support these features in a way that is directly equivalent to D3D and were Apple to do that and developers elected to use said features then those titles would need more work to run on iOS. That being said, it already takes *substantial* effort to rework a macOS title to fit on iOS, as shown by Aspyr's heroic efforts with Civ VI and Feral's equally impressive Rome & GRID ports. Given the difference in performance profile of iOS vs. macOS devices it probably wouldn't really matter as any game that used these features would likely not be viable anyway.
Score: 5 Votes (Like | Disagree)
Rudy69 Avatar
93 months ago
Vulkan, Khronos.. am I seeing a pattern here?

Does seem like Metal was a step in the right direction, but could be overshadowed by a better standard?
Not sure how it's being over shadowed. This is more or less just a tool to take existing Vulkan games and convert the Vulkan calls to Metal calls.
Score: 3 Votes (Like | Disagree)
cube Avatar
93 months ago
Live long and prosper.
Score: 3 Votes (Like | Disagree)
marksatt Avatar
93 months ago
Maybe I'm wrong here, but my understanding is that you do not have to translate the SPIRV shaders to MSL at runtime. MoltenVK apparently comes with a separate conversion tool ('https://www.moltengl.com/docs/readme/moltenvk-readme-user-guide.html') that's supposed to allow you to do this beforehand, and then you can pass your MSL shaders directly to your Vulkan code.



It's surely an extra step during the porting process, but you wouldn't have to deal with the performance hit.
That’s what I said sir, by doing this offline for SPIRV you avoid the runtime performance hit BUT you CANNOT use some/all Metal specific feature and you CANNOT emulate geometry or tessellation shaders. Emulating them requires the full set of shaders in a pipeline so that you can rewrite them to use Metal’s similar but not equivalent features. That is known only at runtime in most engines - not all though. That means combining vertex + (hull and/or geometry) shader stages into compute shaders that must run in an earlier compute command buffer, separate to the later draw call that uses the (domain + pixel shader). Plus all the associated buffer allocations and resource binding shenanigans- it’s actually bloody hard work to get right!
[doublepost=1519686438][/doublepost]
@marksatt

Good to hear some input from someone with good insight. :)

Quite a bit off-topic, but do you know what's going on with the major pauses/lag in between seemingly good frame rates in the MacOS version of Fortnite?

https://www.dropbox.com/s/nzt0h1s9hvrzgad/Fortnite_major_hiccups.m4v?dl=0

Or is the problem I see perhaps related to the NVIDIA Web Driver which is required for the GTX 970 I have to work in MacOS? Sorry, maybe I should report this somewhere else…
Looks like it is either texture streaming or shader compilation or a combination of the two. I’ve explained the challenges of dealing with the initial shader setup at runtime, even with precompiled shaders, elsewhere. It still isn’t a solved problem in UE4 or Fortnite and it likely never will be perfect. This isn’t the forum to report problems - that should be done over at the Fortnite forums and the feedback mechanism ('https://www.epicgames.com/fortnite/forums/bugs-issues/bug-reports').
Score: 3 Votes (Like | Disagree)

Popular Stories

AirPods Pro 3 Mock Feature

AirPods Pro 3 Just Months Away – Here's What We Know

Friday April 18, 2025 5:16 am PDT by
Despite being more than two years old, Apple's AirPods Pro 2 still dominate the premium wireless‑earbud space, thanks to a potent mix of top‑tier audio, class‑leading noise cancellation, and Apple's habit of delivering major new features through software updates. With AirPods Pro 3 widely expected to arrive in 2025, prospective buyers now face a familiar dilemma: snap up the proven...
iphone 17 air dummy unbox therapy

iPhone 17 Air's Extreme Thinness Demoed in New Video

Tuesday April 22, 2025 10:22 am PDT by
Apple plans to release an all-new super thin iPhone this year, debuting it alongside the iPhone 17, iPhone 17 Pro, and iPhone 17 Pro Max. We've seen pictures of dummy models, cases, and renders with the design, but Lewis Hilsenteger of Unbox Therapy today showed off newer dummy models that give us a better idea of just how thin the "iPhone 17 Air" will be. The iPhone 17 Air is expected to be ...
iphone 17 dummies sonny dickson

iPhone 17 Air Almost as Thin as Its Buttons, New Images Show

Thursday April 24, 2025 2:14 am PDT by
If you missed the video showing dummy models of Apple's all-new super thin iPhone 17 Air that's expected later this year, Sonny Dickson this morning shared some further images of the device in close alignment with the other dummy models in the iPhone 17 lineup, indicating just how thin it is likely to be in comparison. The iPhone 17 Air is expected to be around 5.5mm thick – with a thicker ...
ipad air windows 11 arm

M2 iPad Air Runs Windows 11 ARM via Emulation, Thanks to EU Rules

Tuesday April 22, 2025 5:01 am PDT by
A developer has demonstrated Windows 11 ARM running on an M2 iPad Air using emulation, which has become much easier since the EU's Digital Markets Act (DMA) regulations came into effect. As spotted by Windows Latest, NTDev shared an instance of the emulation on social media and posted a video on YouTube (embedded below) demonstrating it in action. The achievement relies on new EU regulatory...
iphone 16 pro models 1

17 Reasons to Wait for the iPhone 17

Thursday April 17, 2025 4:12 am PDT by
Apple's iPhone development roadmap runs several years into the future and the company is continually working with suppliers on several successive iPhone models simultaneously, which is why we often get rumored features months ahead of launch. The iPhone 17 series is no different, and we already have a good idea of what to expect from Apple's 2025 smartphone lineup. If you skipped the iPhone...
iOS 18

iOS 18.5 Includes Only a Few Changes So Far

Monday April 21, 2025 11:00 am PDT by
Apple seeded the third beta of iOS 18.5 to developers today, and so far the software update includes only a few minor changes. The changes are in the Mail and Settings apps. In the Mail app, you can now easily turn off contact photos directly within the app, by tapping on the circle with three dots in the top-right corner. In the Settings app, AppleCare+ coverage information is more...
iPhone 17 Pro Blue Feature Tighter Crop

iPhone 17 Pro Launching Later This Year With These 13 New Features

Wednesday April 23, 2025 8:31 am PDT by
While the iPhone 17 Pro and iPhone 17 Pro Max are not expected to launch until September, there are already plenty of rumors about the devices. Below, we recap key changes rumored for the iPhone 17 Pro models as of April 2025: Aluminum frame: iPhone 17 Pro models are rumored to have an aluminum frame, whereas the iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro models have a titanium frame, and the iPhone ...